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In the Horn of Africa, some Ethiopian and Eritrean groups (like the Amhara and Tigrayans, collectively known as Habesha) speak languages from the Semitic branch of the Afro-Asiatic language family, while the Oromo and Somali speak languages from the Cushitic branch of Afro-Asiatic. Niang, I., O.C. This body aimed to strengthen the ties between the members through a common market, a common customs tariff, and a range of public services to achieve balanced economic growth within the region. [24], On 17 September 2011, the Daily Nation quoted a South Sudanese MP as saying that while his government was eager to join the EAC, it would likely delay its membership over concerns that its economy was not sufficiently developed to compete with EAC member states and could become a "dumping ground" for Kenyan, Tanzanian, and Ugandan exports. West African Economic and Monetary Union (WAEMU) West African Monetary Zone (WAMZ) Country Africa. [19], Statistics for population, nominal GDP and purchasing power parity GDP listed below are taken from World Bank estimates for 2015, published in December 2016. In 2007, Chinese companies invested a total of US$1billion in Africa. [36][37] It does not yet participate to the same extent as the other members.[18]. Mount Kilimanjaro, Africa's tallest peak, located in Tanzania. The Economic and Monetary Community of Central Africa (or CEMAC from its name in French: Communaut conomique et Montaire de l'Afrique Centrale, in Spanish: Comunidad Econmica y Monetaria de frica Central, and in Portuguese: Comunidade Econmica e Monetria da frica Central) is an organization of states of Central Africa established by Cameroon, Central African Three EAC countries border Lake Victoria. By 250 BC Djenn-Djenno had become a large, thriving market town. The AU represents the interests of African peoples at large in intergovernmental organisations (IGOs); for instance, it is a permanent observer at the United Nations General Assembly. [140] This has been itself replaced in 2021 by the European Peace Facility. [133] Cape Verde, 1733'22" W, the westernmost point, is a distance of approximately 7,400km (4,600mi) to Ras Hafun, 5127'52" E, the most easterly projection that neighbours Cape Guardafui, the tip of the Horn of Africa.[132]. This caused tensions between Kenya and other countries as Kenya, which is not a Least Developed Country, stood to lose most from the failure to reach agreement. [177], The Tigray War in Ethiopia has left millions in need of humanitarian aid. Cinema of Africa is both the history and present of the making or screening of films on the African continent, and also refers to the persons involved in this form of audiovisual culture. [211], From the early 1990s up until 2000, Somalia was without a functioning central government. The continent includes Madagascar and various archipelagos. [27], On Wednesday 22 October 2008, SADC joined with the Common Market for Eastern and Southern Africa and the East African Community to form the African Free Trade Zone, including all members of each of the organizations. [206] Most are of African origin, though some are of European or Asian origin. The Southern African Development Coordination Conference (SADCC) was the forerunner of the socio-economic cooperation leg of today's SADC. Share", United Nations Department of Economic and Social Affairs, "World Population Prospects 2022: Demographic indicators by region, subregion and country, annually for 1950-2100", "The Fragile States Index 2016 | The Fund for Peace", "Index of Economic Freedom: Promoting Economic Opportunity and Prosperity by Country", "2016 World Press Freedom Index | Reporters Without Borders", "HFS staffer Yadesa Bojia celebrated for designing striking new African Union flag", Joint United Nations Programme on HIV/AIDS, "The Impact of HIV And AIDS on Africa's Economic Development", "African Union endorses major new initiatives to end AIDS", "Zeroing in on AIDS and Global Health Post-2015", "From COVID to conflict, five priorities for African Union summit", "Official quits AU anti-corruption body over 'multiple irregularities', "Exclusive: A 'mafia-style' cartel is running the African Union, claim staff", "African Union urges restraint on both sides", "African Union demands end to military strikes on Libya, skips Paris meeting", "Arab League Recognizes Libyan Rebel Council", "Tunis recognizes Libyan rebels as country's rep", "Egypt recognises Libya rebel government", "AU won't recognise Libyan rebel council: diplomats", "Libya-NTC: National Transitional Council in Libya", "Chad recognises rebel council as only legitimate authority in neighbouring Libya", "Algeria declines to recognize Libyan rebels", "Libyan envoy to Zimbabwe expelled for burning flag", "Libya: How SA stood firm on money for rebels", "African Union officially recognises Libya's new leadership", "To 'Midwife' - and Abort - a Democracy: Mauritania's Transition from Military Rule, 2005-2008", "African Union lifts sanctions on Mauritania", "Gains of Mali's Tuareg rebels appear permanent, analysts say", "Security Council Authorises Deployment of United Nations-African Union 'Hybrid' Peace Operation in Bid To Resolve Darfur Conflict", "South Sudan Negotiated Independence: A Critique of African Union's Role", "Eritrea: Nation Appoints AU Envoy in Ethiopia", "Chagos Islands dispute: UK 'threatened' Mauritius", "Foreign Office quietly rejects International Court ruling to hand back Chagos Islands", "At last, the Chagossians have a real chance of going back home", "African Union orders Britain to withdraw from Chagos Islands, end 'colonial administration', "Chagos Islands dispute: UK misses deadline to return control", "The African Union, NEPAD, and Human Rights: The Missing Agenda", Bibliography on the AU at the Peace Palace Library, African Union Mission in the United Nations, "The broken dream of African unity, Jean-Karim Fall", Bay of Bengal Initiative for Multi-Sectoral Technical and Economic Cooperation, Community of Latin American and Caribbean States, Forum for the Progress and Integration of South America, GUAM Organization for Democracy and Economic Development, Regional Comprehensive Economic Partnership, South Asian Association for Regional Cooperation, Organisation of African Trade Union Unity, Pan-African Freedom Movement for East and Central Africa, Popular and Social League of the Great Sahara Tribes, Universal Negro Improvement Association and African Communities League, BrazilRussiaIndiaChinaSouth Africa (BRICS), IndiaBrazilSouth Africa Dialogue Forum (IBSA), New World Information and Communication Order, United Nations Conference on Trade and Development, United Nations Industrial Development Organization, South Atlantic Peace and Cooperation Zone, Cooperation Council for the Arab States of the Gulf (GCC), Organisation of Islamic Cooperation (OIC), North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO), Association of Southeast Asian Nations (ASEAN), The Bay of Bengal Initiative for Multi-Sectoral Technical and Economic Cooperation (BIMSTEC), ChinaJapanSouth Korea trilateral summits, South Asian Association for Regional Cooperation (SAARC), Collective Security Treaty Organization (CSTO), AustraliaNew ZealandUnited States Security Treaty (ANZUS), ColombiaIndonesiaVietnamEgyptTurkeySouth Africa (CIVETS), Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD), Organisation internationale de la Francophonie (OIF), https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=African_Union&oldid=1120892388, Intergovernmental organizations established by treaty, United Nations General Assembly observers, Articles with dead external links from May 2016, Articles with French-language sources (fr), Short description is different from Wikidata, Articles containing Portuguese-language text, Articles containing Spanish-language text, Articles containing Swahili (macrolanguage)-language text, Pages using infobox country or infobox former country with the symbol caption or type parameters, Articles containing potentially dated statements from 2017, All articles containing potentially dated statements, Articles with unsourced statements from July 2011, Articles with unsourced statements from January 2014, Wikipedia articles in need of updating from July 2018, All Wikipedia articles in need of updating, Pages using Sister project links with hidden wikidata, Pages using Sister project links with default search, Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License 3.0, "Silencing the guns: creating conducive conditions for Africa's development", "Refugees, Returnees and Internally Displaced Persons: Towards Durable Solutions to Forced Displacement in Africa", Agreement reached on reorganization AU Commission, "Winning the Fight Against Corruption: A Sustainable Path to Africa's Transformation", "Harnessing the Demographic Dividend Through Investments in Youth", "African Year of Human Rights with Particular Focus on the Rights of Women", "Reinvigorated PartnershipShared Vision", "Year of Women Empowerment and Development Towards Africa's Agenda 2063", "A New Model of Partnership to Enhance a Sustainable Development and Integration of Africa", "Year Agriculture and food security, Marking 10th Anniversary of the Adoption of the Comprehensive Africa Agriculture Development Programme (CAADP)". [208] Critics of the AU peacekeepers, including Dr. Eric Reeves, have said these forces are largely ineffective due to lack of funds, personnel, and expertise. Had it been approved, the visa would have been valid for all three current member states of the EAC (Kenya, Tanzania and Uganda). The 10th Ordinary Session of Heads of State and Government took place in Malabo in June 2002. The "Greater Arab Free Trade Area" (GAFTA) is a pan-Arab free trade zone that came into existence in 1997. Congo (DRC) Cte d'Ivoire. Foreign ministers from 10 Central African states met in the Democratic Republic of Congo on 16 and 17 August 2001 to discuss security in their war-torn region. The ultimate goal is to establish a Central African Common Market. The Kingdom of Nri was established around the ninth century and was one of the first. Their migration resulted in the fusion of the Arabs and Berbers, where the locals were Arabized,[99] and Arab culture absorbed elements of the local culture, under the unifying framework of Islam.[100]. The first was when it revised its treaty on 24 July 1993; the second was in 2007 when the Secretariat was transformed into a Commission. [201] The suspension was once again lifted in 2009 after the military junta agreed with the opposition to organise elections. To accelerate the political and social-economic integration of the continent. ECOWAS nations organise a broad array of cultural and sports events under the auspices of the body, including the CEDEAO Cup in football, the 2012 ECOWAS Games and the Miss CEDEAO beauty pageant. & Tech., Energy, Natural Resources, & Environment, New Partnership for Africa's Development E-School Program, African Court of Justice and Human Rights, African Court on Human and Peoples' Rights, Africa Centres for Disease Control and Prevention, Assembly of Heads of State and Government, Lagos Plan of Action for the Development of Africa, China State Construction Engineering Corporation, Organisation of African, Caribbean and Pacific States, African Continental Free Trade Area (AfCFTA), List of African Union military interventions, National Movement for the Liberation of Azawad (MNLA), South Sudanese independence referendum, 2011, United Nations African Union Mission in Darfur, African Union Mission in Somalia (AMISOM), List of multilateral free-trade agreements, "World Economic Outlook Database, October 2019", "Launch of the African Union, 9 July 2002: Address by the chairperson of the AU, President Thabo Mbeki", "African Union adds 4,000 troops to Somalia peace force", "Gaddafi. Including the. Currently, CEMAC countries share a common financial, regulatory, and legal structure, and maintain a common external tariff on imports from non-CEMAC countries. The AU has not sent peacekeepers to the areas because of a lack of agreement on how to handle the situation: Chad and Congo-Brazzaville support the rebels and France, Congo-Kinshasa has links to Russia; Rwanda and Angola support the government. [9], Morocco officially requested to join ECOWAS in February 2017. [128][129], Africa is the largest of the three great southward projections from the largest landmass of the Earth. The 10 percent of Africa that was under formal European control in 1870 increased to almost 90 percent by 1914, with only Liberia and Abyssinia remaining independent.[111]. With DRC in the EAC, and infrastructure developments from Pointe-Noire in the Republic of Congo to Bangui, as well as inclusion of the country into the LAPSSET project from Lamu-Juba-Bangui-Douala, this could see the mineral and resource rich country realize economic benefits. It was done together with a consortium comprising Friends of Europe, Mo Ibrahim Foundation and IPEMED. [137] For ensuring peace and security, it had worked out the African Peace Facility. Apart from Guinea, which is francophone, they are all English-speaking countries. It is speculated that by 6000 BC, cattle were domesticated in North Africa. Latin American music genres such as cumbia, conga, rumba, son cubano, salsa music, bomba, samba and zouk were founded on the music of enslaved Africans, and have in turn influenced African popular music.[238]. [123][124] This protocol allows for free movement of people between countries that are part of the African Union. Feminism 9. Early human civilizations, such as Ancient Egypt and Carthage emerged in North Africa. Until the fifteenth century, these small states were on the periphery of the major Sudanic empires of the era, paying tribute to Songhai to the west and Kanem-Borno to the east. The gradual decline of slave-trading, prompted by a lack of demand for slaves in the New World, increasing anti-slavery legislation in Europe and America, and the British Royal Navy's increasing presence off the West African coast, obliged African states to adopt new economies. Presidents Daniel arap Moi of Kenya, Ali Hassan Mwinyi of Tanzania, and Yoweri Kaguta Museveni of Uganda signed the Treaty for East African Co-operation in Kampala on 30 November 1993 and established a Tri-partite Commission for Co-operation. Fifty-four African countries have football teams in the Confederation of African Football. In 2006, the AU decided to create a Committee "to consider the implementation of a rotation system between the regions" in relation to the presidency. It dates back to the early 20th century, when film reels were the primary cinematic technology in use. Of the 15 SADC member states, only Angola and the Democratic Republic of Congo are not yet participating, however Angolan trade minister Joffre Van-Dnen Jnior said in Luanda that his ministry is working to create conditions for Angola's accession to the SADC Free Trade Area in 2019. [30], A team was formed to assess South Sudan's bid; however, in April 2014, the nation requested a delay in the admissions process, presumably due to ongoing internal conflict. The African Union (AU) is a continental union consisting of 55 member states located on the continent of Africa.The AU was announced in the Sirte Declaration in Sirte, Libya, on 9 September 1999, calling for the establishment of the African Union.The bloc was founded on 26 May 2001 in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia, and launched on 9 July 2002 in Durban, South Africa. West Africa or Western Africa is the westernmost region of Africa.The United Nations defines Western Africa as the 16 countries of Benin, Burkina Faso, Cape Verde, The Gambia, Ghana, Guinea, Guinea-Bissau, Ivory Coast, Liberia, Mali, Mauritania, Niger, Nigeria, Senegal, Sierra Leone, and Togo, as well as Saint Helena, Ascension and Tristan da Cunha (United Kingdom Overseas Rhodesia unilaterally declared independence from the United Kingdom in 1965, under the white minority government of Ian Smith, but was not internationally recognized as an independent state (as Zimbabwe) until 1980, when black nationalists gained power after a bitter guerrilla war. 81% of the Sub-Saharan Africa population was living on less than $2.50 (PPP) per day in 2005, compared with 86% for India. The AU is planning on putting the concept into practise by 2015 at the earliest. Central African Republic. [48] During the mid-20th century, anthropologists discovered many fossils and evidence of human occupation perhaps as early as 7 million years ago (BP=before present). According to Encyclopdia Britannica, 45% of the population are Christians, 40% are Muslims, and 10% follow traditional religions. In January 2011, Eritrea reestablished their mission to the AU in Addis Ababa. They also signed a Protocol on Mutual Defence Assistance in Freetown, Sierra Leone, on 29 May 1981, that provided for the establishment of an Allied Armed Force of the Community.[33]. Fagg, Bernard. [65] Patterns of regional development are already emerging, including:[65], The EAC negotiates with trade partners on behalf of all member countries.



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